CHAPTER 10: DEMONSTRATIONS IN TEACHING

REFLECTIONS

As a teaching technique, a demonstration is a valuable alternative to getting students to 'learn by doing'. While learning by doing is ideal in subjects like science, adopting this approach is not always possible. Just like in mathematics, this type of teaching technique is not applicable in mathematics because we cannot dramatize numbers though there are scenarios that have an involvement of money but not all the time specially applying it in higher mathematics such as Calculus.

ILLUSTRATION

CHAPTER 9: TEACHING WITH DRAMATIZED EXPERIENCES

 REFLECTIONS

If our teaching is dramatic, our students get attracted, interested and affected. If they are affected and moved by what we taught, we will most likely leave an impact on them.

In this chapter there are lots advantages of teaching with dramatized experiences, but there are also negative effects which are as follows:

Advantages

•      Energizing activity / fun to do 
•     Allows participants to contribute actively (even the quieter ones)
•     It is Time efficient 
•     Experiential learning is more powerful than instructions.
•     It delivers complex concepts in a simple manner 
•    Needs little preparation for the teacher/facilitator (unless you want to print out role descriptors)

 Disadvantages

• Participants may be too shy and reluctant
• Can be threatening to some 
• It can become ‘too much fun’ and disrupt the task 
• Participants can get too involved and loose objectivity 
• Participants can overact and show off The observers may not observe well or take notes
• The observers may take ‘sides’ based on their preconceptions 

ILLUSTRATION

CHAPTER 8: TEACHING WITH CONTRIVED EXPERIENCES

REFLECTIONS

                  Contrived Experiences is used in the absence of direct experiences as materials for instruction. We make use of these contrived materials to overcome limitations of space and time, to edit reality for us to be able to focus on parts or a process of a system that we intend to study, to overcome difficulties of size, to understand the inaccessible, to help the learners understand abstractions. On the other hand, we use simulations and games to make classes interactive and to develop the decision making skills and knowledge construction skills of students.

Base from this chapter I learned that learning become more enhancing if there are simulations, mock ups and games used inside the classes because as we all know that learning is an active process. The more our senses involve the better the learning.

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

CHAPTER 7: DIRECT PURPOSEFUL EXPERIENCE

REFLECTIONS

As the famous quotations say “Experience is the best teacher.”Direct experience is the firsthand experiences serve foundation of learning and concept of formation and abstraction. Indirect experience is the experiences of other people we observe and not our own self- experience.

In here, we've known different kinds of experiences of other people in which these experiences taught them well about life. As a future educator, through direct experiences we can impart information to our students and help us to become more knowledgeable in everything that we do and say. 

ILLUSTRATION

CHAPTER 6: USING AND EVALUATING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

REFLECTIONS

Instructional materials are print and non-print items that are designed to impart information to students in the educational process. Teachers often use instructional materials for lesson planning.  These materials are also needed by teachers to assess the knowledge of their students. Teachers often assess students by assigning tasks, creating projects, and administering exams. Instructional materials are essential for all of these activities. Because students spend a significant amount of their classroom time using instructional materials and because of the large variety of available materials, both print and non-print, it is crucial that all materials be thoroughly evaluated.

In this chapter the teacher are advice to abide by the acronym PPPF. Prepare yourself. You know your lesson objective and what you expect from the class after the session and why you have selected such particular instructional materials. Prepare your students. Set reasonably high class expectations and learning goals. It is sound practice to give them guide questions for them to be able to answer during the discussion. Motivate them and keep them interested and engaged. Present the material. Using media and materials, especially if they are mechanical nature, often requires rehearsal and a carefully planned performance. Follow up. It is needed to follow up to find out if objective was attained or not.

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

CHAPTER 5: DALE'S CONE OF EXPERIENCE

REFLECTIONS

Dale’s Cone of Experience is a visual model that is composed of eleven stages starting from concrete experiences at the bottom of the cone then it becomes more and more abstract as it reach the peak of the cone. Also, according to Dale, the arrangement in the cone is not based on its difficulty but rather based on abstraction and on the number of senses involved. The experiences in each stages can be mixed and are interrelated that fosters more meaningful learning.

After going through the different components of the Cone of Experience, it could be said that in facilitating learning, we can use variety of materials and medium in order to maximize the learning experience. One medium is not enough thus if we can take advantage of the other media. There’s nothing wrong with trying to combine several medium for as long as it could benefit the learners. Also, through the levels provided by the Cone of Experience, it could be said that concrete experiences must be provided first in order to support abstract learning.

Lastly, staying on the concrete experiences is not even ideal because through providing abstract experiences to the learner, the more he/she will develop his/her higher order thinking skills which is important for more complex way of thinking and for dealing with more complex life situations. Through understanding each component of the Cone of Experience, it could be said that Educational Technology is not limited to the modern gadgets that we have right now but rather it is a broad concept that includes all the media that we can use to attain balance as we facilitate effective and meaningful learning.

ILLUSTRATION

DALE'S CONE OF EXPERIENCE

CHAPTER 4: SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO TEACHING

REFLECTIONS

The focus of systematic instructional planning is the student. Instruction begins with the definition of instructional objectives that consider the students’ needs, interest, and readiness. On the basis of this objective, the teacher selects the appropriate teaching methods to be used and, in turn, based on the teaching method selected, the appropriate learning experiences and appropriate materials, equipment and facilities will also be selected.

The method that the teacher will be using either direct instruction or indirect instructions depends on his/her instructional objectives, nature of the subject matter, and readiness of student and the expertise of the teacher himself or herself. Some examples of learning resources for instructional use are textbooks, workbooks, programmed materials, computer, television programs, flat pictures, slides and transparencies, maps, charts, cartoons, posters, models, mock ups, flannel, board materials, chalk boards, real objects and the like.

In this chapter, I learned that after instructions, teacher must evaluate the outcome of instruction. From the evaluation results, teacher comes to know if the instructional objective was attained. If the instructional objective was attained, teacher proceeds to the next lesson going through the same cycle once more. On the other hand, if instructional objectives were not attained, then the teacher will diagnose what was not learned and finds out why it was not learned in order to introduce a remedial measure for improved student performance and attainment of instructional objectives.

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

CHAPTER 3: THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION

REFLECTIONS

The focus of systematic instructional planning is the student. Instruction begins with the definition of instructional objectives that consider the students’ needs, interest, and readiness. On the basis of this objective, the teacher selects the appropriate teaching methods to be used and, in turn, based on the teaching method selected, the appropriate learning experiences and appropriate materials, equipment and facilities will also be selected.

The method that the teacher will be using either direct instruction or indirect instructions depends on his/her instructional objectives, nature of the subject matter, and readiness of student and the expertise of the teacher himself or herself. Some examples of learning resources for instructional use are textbooks, workbooks, programmed materials, computer, television programs, flat pictures, slides and transparencies, maps, charts, cartoons, posters, models, mock ups, flannel, board materials, chalk boards, real objects and the like.

In this chapter, I learned that after instructions, teacher must evaluate the outcome of instruction. From the evaluation results, teacher comes to know if the instructional objective was attained. If the instructional objective was attained, teacher proceeds to the next lesson going through the same cycle once more. On the other hand, if instructional objectives were not attained, then the teacher will diagnose what was not learned and finds out why it was not learned in order to introduce a remedial measure for improved student performance and attainment of instructional objectives.

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

CHAPTER 2: THE BOON AND BANE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

REFLECTION

Most people say that technology offers many advantages than disadvantages because it has made our life easy, comfortable, simple and luxurious. And thus, Technology is supporting human so much that now a person can work from his home. It has helped a lot in uniting people. In fact with the help of internet the world has just turned in to a global village.

Technology doesn’t make man. Man makes technology, hence it depends on the use we employ it. In education, if we use technology for improving our knowledge then it is definitely good but if we use technology for destructing ones dignity, then it is an inhumane act. As nuclear power for electricity, it is definitely good. As an atomic weapon, it can be used to cause terrible destruction. Similarly Television & Internet has its own plus & minus side. If human mind tilts towards destructive uses then we can’t take technology itself at fault.

Most things in life are not all good or all bad. Like most other things, technology in the future will be both, depending on application.

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

CHAPTER 1: THE HISTORY OF ED TECH

REFLECTIONS ON THE EVOLUTION OF ED TECH

The history of educational technology can be seen on the ancient civilization were people in the old days were using pamphlets, papyrus, woods and rocks to document their daily life scenario and as a means of communication and instruction. But as years goes by, those materials were gradually evolving to make it more convenient and accessible to the people. The inventions of cassettes, DVD’s, televisions, printing press, and tablets start to exist.  Now a day, the primary purpose of education is to develop an educated citizenry that fully participates in society. What has changed over the centuries is how this preparation is achieved. That is why computers were designed to replace those traditional teaching materials to support these goals through the collection and the organization of information. In the simplest terms, the computer frees individuals from minutia and allows for an examination of larger concepts.

What I have understood in Educational technology is that, it is not only technology itself but a systematic and organized process of applying modern technology to improve the quality of education. It is a systematic way of conceptualizing the execution and evaluation of the educational process, learning and teaching and help with the application of modern educational teaching techniques. It includes instructional materials, methods and organization of work and relationships the behavior of all participants in the educational process.

In other words educational technology is a mechanism to develop the creativity and technical know-how of every individual. Because, with the application of educational technology, students can independently progress in mastering teaching materials, to choose the pace of work, to repeat the material that is not sufficiently clear, that after tests performed immediately get results and track their progress. Interactive, multimedia content provides a great advantage of modern learning over traditional learning.

Indeed, the application of educational technology enhances skills and cognitive characteristics for both learners and teachers. But, we should utilize it in a proper way because irresponsible usage of these technologies might give us negative response that could affect our lives.

 GRAPHIC ORGANIZER